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The Lateran councils were ecclesiastical councils or synods of the Catholic Church held at Rome in the Lateran Palace next to the Lateran Basilica. Ranking as a papal cathedral, this became a much-favored place of assembly for ecclesiastical councils both in antiquity (313, 487) and more especially during the Middle Ages. ==Prominent synods== Among these numerous synods the most prominent are five which the tradition of the Roman Catholic Church has classed as ecumenical councils: # The First Council of the Lateran (1123) followed and confirmed the concordat of Worms. # The Second Council of the Lateran (1139) declared clerical marriages invalid, regulated clerical dress, and punished attacks on clerics by excommunication. # The Third Council of the Lateran (1179) limited papal electees to the cardinals alone, condemned simony, forbade the promotion of anyone to the episcopate before the age of thirty. # The Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215) dealt with transubstantiation, papal primacy and conduct of clergy. It said Jews and Muslims should wear a special dress to enable them to be distinguished from Christians. # The Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512–1517) attempted reform of the Church. A number of non-ecumenical councils were held at the Lateran, one of the most significant was the Lateran Council of 649 against Monothelitism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lateran council」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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